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The marriage of Bayer and Exxon ...or... How the "hemp-substitute industries" work together to create (and profit from) global wars.

Starting world wars, inventing horrible weapons, enslaving large populations, peforming inhuman experiments, eliminating natural alternatives and generally creating hell on earth:

A brief history of BIG CHEMICAL...

OR... WHAT THE "petrochemical pharmaceutical military-industrial trans-national fascist corporate elite son-of-a-bitches" DO ON A REGULAR BASIS TO STIMULATE THEIR SYNTHETIC FUEL & MEDICINE MONOPOLIES.

This book is reprinted to focus attention on past events so that better understanding can be obtained of international conglomerates and their possible effects on ALL of US.

DEDICATION

This issue is dedicated to Joseph Borkin, who died mysteriously in 1978 as he was to go out and tell the truth about Bayer.

To the victims and the survivors of the Holocaust and to those who preserve and tell their story.

"Remember the days of yore; Learn the lessons of the generation that came before you." Deuteronomy 32:7

PURCHASE POTSHOT # 19

This issue is the first color covered Potshot in it's entire 13 year publishing history! It is lovingly illustrated with over 400 different images, in an easy-to-read format. It contains all the material from the "History of Big Chemical" article, plus some additional information on Aspirin and AIDS.

Just put 10 bucks (plus three bucks postage Canadian or 6 bucks postage US or 10 bucks postage international) in a money order and Send to: David Malmo-Levine c/o The Herb School 123A East Hastings Vancouver, BC V6A 1N4 -Please allow a week or two for delivery.

DAVID MALMO-LEVINE, AUTHOR & ACTIVIST

David Malmo-Levine is on this earth to enjoy himself and leave the world in slightly better condition than when he arrived. He noticed at a very early age he was good at putting information in order (he practiced with his comic book collection). Later on, he got interested in marijuana and history - hence the website you see before you. Please click HERE to see more DML photos.

PART ONE: Chapter 1: At The Finish Line

HG Wells

"Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe." -H.G. Wells (1866-1946), Historian and science fiction writer, "The Fate of Homo Sapiens," p. 105, 1920

When researching the vast ocean of books, magazine articles and internet sites currently devoted to the history of "big chemical," a dramatic fact becomes quickly apparent. There are two main characters. One German, the other American. Other characters might make a guest appearance or serve in a supporting role, but two companies - or, more accurately, cartels - seem to be running the show and calling the shots.

History reveals that these cartels dominate, not only the world of synthetic medicines & bio-pharmaceuticals, chemical pesticides, fertilizers & fuels, and chemical & biological weapons, but also banking, media & geopolitics. I am, of course, talking about the German-Swiss synthetic chemical, fuel and drug cartel once known as I.G. Farben, and the American oil, chemical and drug interests surrounding the Rockefellers.

Chapter 2: How It All Began

Thomas Jefferson

"Merchants have no country. The mere spot they stand on does not constitute so strong an attachment as that from which they draw their gains." -Thomas Jefferson to Horatio Gates Spafford, 17 Mar. 1817, cited in Papers 14:221 (1)

Andrew Jackson

"Unless you become more watchful in your States and check this spirit of monopoly and thirst for exclusive privileges you will in the end find that the most important powers of Government have been given or bartered away, and the control of your dearest interests have been passed into the hands of these corporations." -President Andrew Jackson, Farewell Address, March 4, 1837 (2)

Abraham Lincoln

"I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. . . .corporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed." -U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, Nov. 21, 1864, from a letter to Col. William F. Elkins (3)

"Old Bill" Rockefeller

In 1850, an upstate New York farmer named "Old Bill" Rockefeller moved to Cleveland, listed himself as a "physician" in the city directory and began to palm off bottled raw petroleum on the yokels as a cure for cancer.

Calling it "Nujol" ("new oil"), it was the beginning of the Rockefeller medicine and energy monopoly - a mega-cartel that truly began when Bill's cunning and determined son John tried his hand at selling oil. (4)

W. H. Perkin

In 1856, just six years after "Old Bill" began to play doctor, an 18-year-old English chemistry student named William Henry Perkin stumbled upon a process to make purple dye from coal tar. Until then, all dyes were made from natural sources such as insects, barks, flowers, berries, animal organs and eggs.

German coal works

German chemists eventually made the connection between the mountains of coal tar left over from massive steel production in the Ruhr, and the new, cheaper way to make the costly dyes. Three companies emerged and dominated the new German dye industry - Hoechst, Bayer, and BASF. (5)

Carl Duisberg

In 1916, Bayer chemist Carl Duisberg would organize a loose association of the eight biggest German chemical companies, and formalize this association in 1925, joining with their Swiss counterparts Ciba, Geigy and Sandoz in 1929. (6)

From the beginning, the association was called the "Interessen Gemeinschaft der Deutschen Teerfarbenindustrie" - the "Community of Interest of the German Dyestuff Industry" - I.G. Farben for short.

I.G. Farben

NOTES

(1) press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch4I.html

(2) www.aircrash.org/burnelli/ajackson.htm - www.bartleby.com/66/76/30276.html

(3) "Abraham Lincoln: A New Portrait," Vol. 2 by Emanuel Hertz, Horace Liveright Inc, 1931, NY, p. 954. See also: "The Lincoln Encyclopedia," Archer H. Shaw, Macmillan, 1950, NY - www.ratical.org/corporations/Lincoln.html

(4) Bealle, Morris, A., "The Drug Story," 1949, The Hornet's Nest, pp. 5-6

(5) Borkin, Joseph,"The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben," 1978, The Free Press, pp. 4-5

6) www.chemchannels.com/chemchannel/homepage/General - Type in "Corporate Information - Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holdings Inc. - See also www.bayer.com/en/bayer/history/ug_1925.php

Chapter 3: Aspirins' Twisted History

Carl Duisberg

In 1884, Carl Duisberg began his career at Bayer. (7) He was General Manager at Bayer when in 1897 another prominent chemist, Arthur Eichengrun - a Jew - discovered Aspirin.

Eichengrun was prolific, with 40 patents to his name and was promoted to the head of pharmaceutical research upon his discovery. (8) Eichengrun was never given credit for discovering Aspirin. When he was promoted head of research, his assistant, German Felix Hoffmann - the man Bayer claims to this day (9) invented aspirin - was moved to the sales department.

Felix Hoffmann

As it turns out, IG Farben made the Hoffmann story up in 1933 as the Nazi's came into power. To be fair, Bayer would never forget the inventor of their best seller - "the world's favorite painkiller." They used their influence to make sure Eichengrun got sent to the best of concentration camps. (10) He even got his own room.

Richard Willstatter

Richard Willstatter, a Jewish Nobel Prize-winning chemist (1915) who had been forced to flee Germany in 1939, wrote a book while in exile in Switzerland. In it there is a short passage in which the scientist criticized Carl Duisberg for making anti-Semitic comments when Willstatter resigned from the University of Munich in 1924. (11) These anti-Semitic tendencies within I.G. Farben would become more pronounced as the company became more political.

NOTES

7) www.bayer.com/en/bayer/ugeschichte.php

(8) Aspirin: A Bitter Pill; www.gist.com/tv/article.jsp?adf=dn020601.adf

(9) www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story001.htm - See also: www.bayeraspirin.com/questions/hundred_aspirin.htm & www.bayer.com/en/bayer/ugeschichte.php

(10) Aspirin: A Bitter Pill, www.gist.com/tv/article.jsp?adf=dn020601.adf

(11) Wiesen, S. Johnathan, "German Industry and the Third Reich: Fifty Years of Forgetting and Remembering" www.adl.org/braun/dim_13_2_forgetting.html#top

Chapter 4: Survival Of The Richest

The Trust Giant's Point of View: "What a funny little government!" -An attack on Rockefeller by Horace Taylor, The Verdict, 1899

Meanwhile, John D. Rockefeller had been busy. By 1880, Rockefeller owned or controlled 95% of all oil produced in the United States. Shortly after the turn of the century, Rockefeller became America's first billionaire. (12) It was around the turn of the century that Rockefeller began to give money to the Foundations, Funds, Research Centers and Institutes that would promote all the drugs his chemists churned out in the years to come.

Rockefeller Institute, 1920

The most richly endowed research center - the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research - was established in New York in 1902. By 1928 it had received from John D. $65 million in endowment funds. In contrast, as late as 1938, as little as $2.8 million in federal funding was budgeted for the entire U.S. Public Health Service. (13) By 1929, the Rockefeller Foundation, first created in 1909, had received $300 million. (14)

"Eugenics" or "good genes" was a science based on "social Darwinism" or "survival of the fittest" applied to humans. It was very popular with those who had most of the wealth and felt like they needed a scientific rationale for it - to validate the great poverty and suffering that also would occur. After 1900, Rockefeller, along with the Harriman family - the family that gave the Bush family it's start - began to spend millions on "eugenics" research. (15)

Some of the Rockefeller Foundation money went to a Swiss psychiatrist named Ernst Rudin. He later went on to head the German "Racial Hygiene Society," a section of the new Nazi state. (16) Rockefeller would also hire William Lyon Mackenzie King as a "Director of Industrial Research" for the Rockefeller Foundation - shortly after he began the racist war on opium-smoking Chinese in Canada. (17)

Ernst Rudin

King and Rockefeller Jr.

(12) Marrs, Jim, "Rule by Secrecy," 2000, Harper-Collins, pp. 45-46

(13) Horowitz, Leonard G., "Kissinger and Rockefeller Connections to American Central Intelligence and the Origins of AIDS and Ebola," A Speech Before the Citizens Against Legal Loopholes Rally, The Capitol Mall, Washington, D.C., Labor Day Weekend, 1996 www.whale.to/vaccines/horowitz4.html

(14) Horowits, Leonard G., "Emerging Viruses - Aids and Ebola - Nature, Accident or Intentional?," 1997, Tetrahedron, p. 344

(15) "Rule by Secrecy," pp. 47-48

(16) "Emerging Viruses," pp. 344-345

(17) Hutchison, Bruce, "The Incredible Canadian," 1953, p.34 - see also "Rule by Secrecy," p. 54, see also "http://web.uccs.edu/~history/USC/weekeight.htm">web.uccs.edu/~history/USC/weekeight.ht

Chapter 5: Don't Want Dye? OK, How About Poison Gas?

Bernard Shaw

"You will make war when it suits us and keep peace when it doesn't And in return you shall have the support of my newspapers, and the delight of imagining that you are a great statesman." -Undershaft, the armament maker, in Bernard Shaw's "Major Barbara," Act III, 1905

Carl Duisberg

It was Carl Duisberg, head of I.G., a man who "would not tolerate dissent," a man who "believed in the 'Fuhrer Principle' long before Hitler was ever heard of," it was Duesberg who urged the employment of chemical warfare in the autumn of 1914. (18) Duesberg ... "saw immediately that poison gas warfare could revive the moribund dyestuff industry, which was almost at a standstill since the beginning of the war he not only devoted Bayer to the poison gas project but also involved himself personally in the experiments." (19)

Fritz Haber

Fritz Haber (pointing)

WW1 Gas attack

On April 22, 1915, when the Germans finally tried out their new weapon - chlorine gas - it was the I.G. companies and I.G. chemists that supplied it. Five thousand died terrible deaths - another 10,000 were wounded. (20) By the end of the war, at least 91 thousand men had died of gas. Another 1.3 million had been wounded by gas.... one of them being a young soldier named Adolph Hitler (21).

(18) Harris, Robert and Paxman, Jeremy, "A Higher Form of Killing - The Secret Story of Gas and Germ Warfare," 1983, Triad, p. 9

(19) "The Crime and Punishment of IG Farben," p. 21

(20) ibid, pp. 22-23. See also "A Higher Form of Killing," pp. 2-3, 10

(21) "A Higher Form of Killing," p. 32

Chapter 6 - Hitler - One Satisfied Customer!

Adolph Hitler, 1918

"What is the pain in my eyes compared to this misery? In these nights hatred grew in me,
hatred for those responsible for this deed I, for my part, decided to go into politics." -Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf (22)

Fritz Haber

"In no future war will the military be able to ignore poison gas. It is a higher form of killing." -Professor Fritz Haber, pioneer of gas warfare - who got his start through BASF - or receiving the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1919 (23)

Mustard Gas Victim

Hitler was temporarily blinded by British mustard gas in 1918 - a gas introduced by BASF chemist Fritz Haber the year before. (24) Hitler's prolonged blindness and poisoning - just as the war ended - must have had a profound effect on his outlook and world-view. Some said the experience "helped determine him to avenge the German Defeat." (25)

Dr. Bloch, the Jewish Doctor that treated Hitler's Mother

And while we're on the topic of common harsh chemicals and their effects on young Adolph's psyche, one other episode is worth recalling. Some historians have tried to explain Hitler's pathological hatred for Jews by pointing to the painful death Hitler's mother experienced at the hands of a Jewish Doctor back in 1907 who might have used too much "Iodoform" - a powerful chemical antiseptic - to fight her breast cancer. (26)

Iodoform

With an open mind, one could blame Hitler's mother's agony on the Doctor's faith in harsh chemicals more easily than on his faith in the Old Testament. An open mind, of course, was one thing Hitler was never known for.

(25) "A Higher Form of Killing," p. 32

(26) Toyland, John, "Adolf Hitler," 1976, Random House, p. 63. See also Rosenbaum, Ron, "Explaining Hitler," 1998, Random House, pp. 243-249